The United Nations forecasts that the worldwide population will peak before the end of the century, surpassing 10.3 billion individuals. Contrary to widespread belief, the world’s population is not undergoing exponential growth. Although the total number of people worldwide continues to rise, the rate of population growth reached its maximum decades ago. To maintain a stable population, the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) must be at replacement level (2.1 children per woman). The global convergence of total fertility rates (TFR) at or below the replacement level will eventually reduce overall population sizes to earlier levels. However, the demographic composition at that point will differ significantly from the past. The world will face higher old-age dependency ratios, raising concerns and likely intensifying competition for young migrants.